New paper out by Lingzhen Li:
Analytically estimating the bond capacity of joints comprising nonlinear adherents and adhesives has long been a challenge. Our study proposes a Wine Glass model, offering an elegant graphical and analytical solution to bond capacity.

New paper out, led by former SMM group member Lingzhen Li (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) in collaboration with Eleni Chatzi (SMM group, ETH Zurich), Christoph Czaderski (Empa), Elyas Ghafoori (Leibniz University Hannover), and Xiao-Ling Zhao (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)! Special thanks go to Dilum Fernando (The University of Edinburgh) for his invaluable suggestions to improve this paper!
Analytically estimating the bond capacity of joints comprising nonlinear adherents and adhesives has long been a challenge. Our study proposes a Wine Glass model, offering an elegant graphical and analytical solution to bond capacity.
How does the Wine glass model work?
- Visualize the adherent σ-ε curve and σ-axis as a wine glass;
- Treat the bonding fracture energy divided by adherent thickness (G_f/t) as the wine inside the glass;
The height of wine corresponds to the bond capacity (F_b).
This intuitive analogy unveils the mechanism governing bond capacity. Validated against 95 experimental pull-off/out joints from literature, the model demonstrates remarkable accuracy and robustness across:
- Linear/nonlinear adherents
- Linear/nonlinear adhesives
- Various substrate materials
Bonus insight: the Wine Glass model also derives an intuitive bond-slip post-processing method, with a graphical solution for easy interpretation.
The full paper is available in Volume 321 (2025) of Engineering Fracture Mechanics
external page https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013794425003315?via%3Dihub